用VB编写DirectX7.0游戏

建立一个新的工程文件，点击菜单中的 Project | Reference 选项，打开Object Library 列表窗口，将DirectX 7.0 For Visual Basic Type Library 加入工程文件。将Form1的Name属性改变为MainForm，在MainForm中加入一个PictureBox控件，将其的Visible属性设置为False。然后在MainForm的代码窗口中加入以下代码：

Private Sub Form_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) 　　 Dim sRect As RECT 　　 Dim hdcSrc As Long 　　 If KeyAscii = 27 Then 　　 ExitLoop = True 　　 'End 　　 ElseIf KeyAscii = vbKeyReturn Then 　　DDSFront.BltToDC Picture1.hDC, sRect, sRect 　　 With Picture1 　　 '获得与主显示平面兼容的图形设备句柄 　　 hdcSrc = DDSFront.GetDC 　　 '保存图像 　　 Set .Picture = SaveTohBmp(hdcSrc, 0, 0, 640, 480) 　　 '释放图形句柄 　　 DDSFront.ReleaseDC hdcSrc 　　 SavePicture Picture1, “c:\a.bmp” 　　 End With 　　 End If 　　End Sub 　　 　　Public Sub Form_Paint() 　　 BlitRect.Right = DDSBackDesc.lWidth 　　 BlitRect.Bottom = DDSBackDesc.lHeight 　　 DDSFront.Blt BlitRect, DDSBack, BlitRect, DDBLT_WAIT 　　End Sub 　　在工程文件中加入一个Module文件，这个文件中DirectDraw操作做出了定义，在这个Module中加入以下代码： 　　Option Explicit 　　Public DX As New DirectX7 　　Public DDraw As DirectDraw7 　　Public DDSFront As DirectDrawSurface7 　　Public DDSFrontDesc As DDSURFACEDESC2 　　Public DDSBack As DirectDrawSurface7 　　Public DDSBackDesc As DDSURFACEDESC2 　　Public Clipper As DirectDrawClipper 　　Dim Pict() As Byte 　　Dim AlphaRect As RECT 　　Dim X As Long, Y As Long 　　Dim Temp As Long 　　Dim Index As Long 　　Dim Index2 As Long 　　Dim Pos As Long 　　Dim PosPlus1 As Long 　　Dim PosPlus2 As Long 　　Dim PosPlus3 As Long 　　Public Pal(255) As PALETTEENTRY 　　Public Palette As DirectDrawPalette 　　Public BlitRect As RECT 　　Public FullSize As Boolean 　　Public ExitLoop As Boolean 　　Dim Accum As Long 　　Dim Msg(9) As String 　　Dim Counter As Long 　　Dim MsgIndex As Long 　　Dim bDrawText As Boolean 　　Dim lastTime As Long 　　Dim XPos As Long, YPos As Long 　　Dim wait As Long 　　Dim Angle As Single 　　Dim Flag As Boolean 　　Dim Count As Long 　　Dim CurModeActiveStatus As Boolean 　　Dim bRestore As Boolean 　　Dim Mode As Boolean 　　Private Sub Main() 　　 InitializeDX 　　'初始化Picture1以获得DirectDraw界面图像 　　 With MainForm.Picture1 .Width = 640 ＊ Screen.TwipsPerPixelX .Height = 480 ＊ Screen.TwipsPerPixelY 　　 End With 　　DDSBack.SetForeColor RGB(255, 255, 255) 　　 MainForm.Font.Name = “宋体” 　　 DDSBack.SetFont MainForm.Font 　　Msg(0) =“一个显示火焰字的演示” 　　Msg(1) =“演示” 　　Msg(2) =“利用VB阵列” 　　Msg(3) =“对显示内存” 　　Msg(4) =“进行直接存取” 　　Msg(5) =“{Esc}键退出” 　　 '设置8位的调色板 　　 For Index = 0 To 84 　　 Pal(Index ＋ 1).red = Index ＊ 3 ＋ 3 　　 Pal(Index ＋ 1).green = 0 　　 Pal(Index ＋ 1).blue = 0 　　 Pal(Index ＋ 86).red = 255 　　 Pal(Index ＋ 86).green = Index ＊ 3 ＋ 3 　　 Pal(Index ＋ 86).blue = 0 　　 Pal(Index ＋ 171).red = 255 　　 Pal(Index ＋ 171).green = 255 　　 Pal(Index ＋ 171).blue = Index ＊ 3 ＋ 3 　　 Next 　　Set Palette = DDraw.CreatePalette(DDPCAPS_8BIT _ Or DDPCAPS_ALLOW256, Pal()) 　　 DDSFront.SetPalette Palette 　　AlphaRect.Right = DDSBackDesc.lWidth － 1 　　AlphaRect.Bottom=DDSBackDesc.lHeight－ 1 　　 DDSBack.Lock AlphaRect, DDSBackDesc, DDLOCK_WAIT, 0 　　 　　 DDSBack.GetLockedArray Pict() 　　 For X = 0 To 639 　　 For Y = 0 To 479 　　 Pict(X, Y) = 0 　　 Next 　　 Next 　　 'Corresponding unlock 　　 DDSBack.Unlock AlphaRect 　　 While Not ExitLoop 　　 Mode = ExModeActive 　　 bRestore = False 　　 Do Until ExModeActive 　　 DoEvents 　　 bRestore = True 　　 Loop 　　 DoEvents 　　 If bRestore Then 　　 bRestore = False 　　 DDraw.RestoreAllSurfaces 　　 End If 　　 DDSBack.Lock AlphaRect, DDSBackDesc, DDLOCK_WAIT, 0 　　 DDSBack.GetLockedArray Pict() 　　 For Y = 0 To 479 　　 Pict(0, Y) = 0 　　 Pict(639, Y) = 0 　　 Next 　　 For X = 0 To 639 　　 Pict(X, 477) = Rnd ＊ 220 ＋ 35 　　 Pict(X, 478) = Rnd ＊ 220 ＋ 35 　　 Pict(X, 479) = Rnd ＊ 220 ＋ 35 　　 Next 　　 Accum = 0 　　 For X = 1 To 638 　　 For Y = 0 To 477 　　 Accum = (Accum ＋ Pict(X, Y ＋ 1) _ 　　 ＋ Pict(X, Y ＋ 2) _ 　　 ＋ Pict(X ＋ 1, Y ＋ 1) _ 　　 ＋ Pict(X － 1, Y ＋ 1)) \ 5 　　 If Accum < 0 Then 　　 Accum = 0 　　 ElseIf Accum > 255 Then 　　 Accum = 255 　　 End If 　　 Pict(X, Y) = Accum 　　 Next 　　 Next 　　 For X = 0 To 639 　　 Pict(X, 0) = 0 　　 Pict(X, 1) = 0 　　 Next 　　 X = Rnd ＊ 639 　　 For Y = 50 To 439 　　 Next 　　 DDSBack.Unlock AlphaRect 　　If DX.TickCount() － lastTime > wait Then 　　 If Counter = 0 Then 　　 bDrawText = True 　　 Counter = 1 　　 XPos = Rnd ＊ 200 　　 YPos = 300 ＋ Rnd ＊ 140 　　 wait = 400 　　 ElseIf Counter = 1 Then 　　 MsgIndex = MsgIndex ＋ 1 　　 If MsgIndex > 5 Then MsgIndex = 0 　　 bDrawText = False 　　 Counter = 0 　　 wait = 2000 　　 End If 　　 lastTime = DX.TickCount 　　 End If 　　 If bDrawText Then 　　 On Error Resume Next 　　 DDSBack.DrawText XPos, YPos, Msg(MsgIndex), False 　　 On Error GoTo 0 　　 End If 　　 MainForm.Form_Paint 　　 Wend 　　 TerminateDX 　　 End 　　End Sub 　　Function ExModeActive() As Boolean 　　 Dim TestCoopRes As Long 　　TestCoopRes = DDraw.TestCooperativeLevel 　　 Select Case TestCoopRes 　　 Case DDERR_NOEXCLUSIVEMODE 　　 ExModeActive = False 　　 Case DD_OK 　　 ExModeActive = True 　　 End Select 　　End Function 　　Public Sub InitializeDX() 　　MainForm.Left = 0 　　MainForm.Top = 0 　　MainForm.Height =640 ＊ Screen.TwipsPerPixelY 　　MainForm.Width = 480 ＊ Screen.TwipsPerPixelX 　　MainForm.Show 　　 '建立DirectDraw对象 　　 Set DDraw = DX.DirectDrawCreate(“”) 　　 '设定DirectDraw对象的协作层 　　 DDraw.SetCooperativeLevel MainForm.hWnd, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE Or DDSCL_FULLSCREEN ' DDSCL_NORMAL 　　 '设定显示模式位640×480×8位颜色 　　 DDraw.SetDisplayMode 640, 480, 8, 0, DDSDM_DEFAULT 　　 '设定DDSFrontDesc为主平面 　　 With DDSFrontDesc 　　.lFlags = DDSD_CAPS 　　.ddsCaps.lCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE 'Or DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY 　　 End With 　　 '设定DDSBackDesc为后台缓冲平面 　　 With DDSBackDesc 　　.ddsCaps.lCaps = DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY 　　.lFlags = DDSD_CAPS Or DDSD_WIDTH Or DDSD_HEIGHT 　　.lWidth = 640 　　.lHeight = 480 　　 End With 　　 '建立平面 　　 Set DDSFront = DDraw.CreateSurface(DDSFrontDesc) 　　 Set DDSBack = DDraw.CreateSurface(DDSBackDesc) 　　 Set Clipper = DDraw.CreateClipper(0) 　　 Clipper.SetHWnd MainForm.hWnd 　　 DDSFront.SetClipper Clipper 　　 DDSBack.SetClipper Clipper 　　 DoEvents 　　 Exit Sub 　　ERRoUT: 　　 If Not (DDraw Is Nothing) Then 　　 DDraw.RestoreDisplayMode 　　 DDraw.SetCooperativeLevel MainForm.hWnd, DDSCL_NORMAL 　　 DoEvents 　　 End If 　　 MsgBox “无法对DirectDraw进行初始化 ”＋Chr(13)＋“也许你的显示卡不支持 640×480×8 显示模式 ” 　　 End 　　End Sub 　　Public Sub TerminateDX() 　　 '子程序TerminateDX回复原来的显示模式并且释放所有的DirectDraw有关对象 　　 DDraw.RestoreDisplayMode 　　 DDraw.SetCooperativeLevel MainForm.hWnd, DDSCL_NORMAL 　　 DoEvents 　　 Set Clipper = Nothing 　　 Set DDSBack = Nothing 　　 Set DDSFront = Nothing 　　 Set DDraw = Nothing 　　 Set DX = Nothing 　　End Sub 　　在工程文件中再加入一个Module，这个Module主要定义与图像保存相关的操作，在建立的Module中加入以下代码： 　　 Option Explicit 　　Option Base 0 　　Private Type PALETTEENTRY 　　 peRed As Byte 　　 peGreen As Byte 　　 peBlue As Byte 　　 peFlags As Byte 　　End Type 　　 　　Private Type LOGPALETTE 　　 palVersion As Integer 　　 palNumEntries As Integer 　　 palPalEntry(255) As PALETTEENTRY 　　End Type 　　 　　Private Type GUID 　　 Data1 As Long 　　 Data2 As Integer 　　 Data3 As Integer 　　 Data4(7) As Byte 　　End Type 　　Private Const RASTERCAPS As Long = 38 　　Private Const RC_PALETTE As Long = ＆H100 　　Private Const SIZEPALETTE As Long = 104 　　Private Declare Function CreateCompatibleDC Lib “GDI32” (ByVal hDC As Long) As Long 　　Private Declare Function CreateCompatibleBitmap Lib “GDI32” (ByVal hDC As Long, ByVal nWidth As Long, ByVal nHeight As Long) As Long 　　Private Declare Function GetDeviceCaps Lib “GDI32” (ByVal hDC As Long, ByVal iCapabilitiy As Long) As Long 　　Private Declare Function GetSystemPaletteEntries Lib “GDI32” (ByVal hDC As Long, ByVal wStartIndex As Long, ByVal wNumEntries As Long, lpPaletteEntries As PALETTEENTRY) As Long 　　Private Declare Function CreatePalette Lib “GDI32”(lpLogPalette As LOGPALETTE) As Long 　　Private Declare Function SelectObject Lib “GDI32”(ByVal hDC As Long, ByVal hObject As Long) As Long 　　Private Declare Function BitBlt Lib “GDI32”(ByVal hDCDest As Long, ByVal XDest As Long, ByVal YDest As Long, ByVal nWidth As Long, ByVal nHeight As Long, ByVal hdcSrc As Long, ByVal XSrc As Long, ByVal YSrc As Long, ByVal dwRop As Long) As Long 　　Private Declare Function DeleteDC Lib “GDI32”(ByVal hDC As Long) As Long 　　Private Declare Function GetForegroundWindow Lib “USER32” () As Long 　　Private Declare Function SelectPalette Lib “GDI32”(ByVal hDC As Long, ByVal hPalette As Long, ByVal bForceBackground As Long) As Long 　　Private Declare Function RealizePalette Lib “GDI32” (ByVal hDC As Long) As Long 　　Private Declare Function GetWindowDC Lib “USER32” (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long 　　Private Declare Function GetDC Lib “USER32"(ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long 　　Private Declare Function GetWindowRect Lib “USER32”(ByVal hWnd As Long, lpRect As RECT) As Long 　　Private Declare Function ReleaseDC Lib “USER32”(ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal hDC As Long) As Long 　　Private Declare Function GetDesktopWindow Lib “{USER32"() As Long 　　 　　Private Type PicBmp 　　 Size As Long 　　 Type As Long 　　 hBmp As Long 　　 hPal As Long 　　 Reserved As Long 　　End Type 　　Private Declare Function OleCreatePictureIndirect Lib “olepro32.dll” (PicDesc As PicBmp, RefIID As GUID, ByVal fPictureOwnsHandle As Long, IPic As IPicture) As Long 　　 　　Public Function SaveTohBmp(ByVal hdcSrc As Long, ByVal LeftSrc As Long, _ 　　 ByVal TopSrc As Long, ByVal WidthSrc As Long, ByVal HeightSrc As Long) As Picture 　　 Dim hDCMemory As Long 　　 Dim hBmp As Long 　　 Dim hBmpPrev As Long 　　 Dim r As Long 　　 Dim hPal As Long 　　 Dim hPalPrev As Long 　　 Dim RasterCapsScrn As Long 　　 Dim HasPaletteScrn As Long 　　 Dim PaletteSizeScrn As Long 　　 Dim LogPal As LOOGPALETTE 　　 '建立一个内存图形设备句柄 　　hDCMemory=CreateCompatibleDC(hdcSrc) 　　'建立一个bitmap并保存到hDCMemory中 　　hBmp = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcSrc, WidthSrc, HeightSrc) 　　 hBmpPrev = SelectObject(hDCMemory, hBmp) 　　 RasterCapsScrn = GetDeviceCaps(hdcSrc, RASTE图CAPS) 'rRaste 　　 HasPaletteScrn = RasterCapsScrn And RC_PALtTTEic1 ' Palette 　　 PaletteSizeScrn = GetDeviceCaps(hdcSrc, SIZEPALETTE) ' Size of 　　 If HasPaletteScrn And (PaletteSizeScrn = 256) Then 　　 '建立系统调色板的拷贝 　　 LogPal.palVersion = ＆H300 　　 LogPal.palNumEntries = 256 　　 r = GetSystemPaletteEntries(hdcSrc, 0, 256, LogPal.palPalEntry(0)) 　　 hPal = CreatePalette(LogPal) 　　 hPalPrev = SelectPalette(hDCMemory, hPal, 0) 　　 r = RealizePalette(hDCMemory) 　　 End If 　　 '将屏幕图形拷贝到内存图形设备句柄中 　　 r = BitBlt(hDCMemory, 0, 0, WidthSrc, HeightSrc, hdcSrc, LeftSrc, TopSrc, vbSrcCopy) 　　 hBmp = SelectObject(hDCMemory, hBmpPrev) 　　 If HasPaletteScrn And (PaletteSizeScrn = 256) Then 　　 hPal = SelectPalette(hDCMemory, hPalPrev, 0) 　　 End If 　　'释放图形设备句柄 　　 r = DeleteDC(hDCMemory) 　　 Debug.Print r 　　 '调用CreateBitmapPicture函数从指定的bitmap对象和调色板中建立一个picture对象 　　 Set SaveTohBmp = CreateBitmapPicture(hBmp, hPal) 　　End Function 　　Public Function CreateBitmapPicture(ByVal hBmp As Long, ByVal hPal As Long) As Picture 　　 Dim r As Long 　　 Dim Pic As PicBmp 　　 Dim IPic As IPicture 　　 Dim IID_IDispatch As GUID 　　 '填充IDispatch界面 　　 With IID_IDispatch 　　 .Data1 = ＆H20400 　　 .Data4(0) = ＆HC0 　　 .Data4(7) = ＆H46 　　 End With 　　 '填充Pic结构 　　 With Pic 　　 .Size = Len(Pic) ' Length of structure. 　　 .Type = vbPicTypeBitmap ' Type of Picture (bitmap). 　　 .hBmp = hBmp ' Handle to bitmap. 　　 .hPal = hPal ' Handle to palette (may be null). 　　 End With 　　 '建立Picture对象 　　 r = OleCreatePictureIndirect(Pic, IID_IDispatch, 1, IPic) 　　 '返回Picture对象 　　 Set CreateBitmapPicture = IPic 　　End Function

　　运行程序，在屏幕上会出现一些火焰字的特效，按Enter键可以将屏幕保存到“c:\a.bmp”中，按Esc键退出程序回到Windows。

　　在上面的程序中，程序首先建立一个DirectDraw对象，然后设置该对象的协作层为全屏协作模式，接下来设置显示模式为640×480×8位颜色，建立一个前台DirectDrawSurface对象和一个后台缓冲DirectDrawSurface对象，建立和设置DirectDrawClipper对象。

　　在主程序段中，程序首先对前台绘图平面的调色板（DirectDrawPalette）对象进行操作以改变显示的文字的颜色，然后对后台缓冲绘图平面进行字节操作，以产生文字弥散的效果，然后再将后台缓冲绘图平面翻转到前台。当用户按下Enter键之后，程序获得与前台绘图平面相兼容的图形设备句柄，然后再调用Windows API函数将绘图平面内存中的内容保存到Windows位图文件中。

　　上面粗略地介绍了DirectX7 SDK的新特性以及初步的DirectDraw编程，希望对大家能有所帮助。以上的程序在Windows98、VB6.0下运行通过。

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