[冷枫]XML规范化

文件7为part元素定义了一个缺省属性approved（红色字体），在规范化的文档中，缺省属性必须出现在元素的属性中。文件8时规范化后的文件。
文件8

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE product [
<!ATTLIST part approved CDATA "yes">
<!ENTITY testhistory "Part has been tested according to the specified standards.">
]>

<product xmlns="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/product"
xmlns:sup="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/supplier"
name="rotating disc "e;Energymeter"e;"
id="P 184.435"
classification = "MeasuringInstruments/Electrical/Energy/">
<parts>
<part id="P 184.675"
name="bearing"
approved="yes">
<sup:supplier id="S 1753"/>
<sup:supplier id="S 2341"/>
<sup:supplier id="S 3276"/>
<comments>Part has been tested according to the specified standards.</comments>
</part>
<part id="P 184.871"
name="magnet"
xmlns="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/product"
approved="yes">
<sup:supplier id="S 3908"/>
<sup:supplier id="S 4589"/>
<sup:supplier id="S 1098"/>
<comments>Part has been tested according to the specified standards.</comments>
</part>
</parts>
</product>

9 XML和DTD声明
规范化的XML文档不能存在XML或DTD声明，文件9是将XML和DTD声明去除后的文件。

文件9
<product xmlns="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/product"
xmlns:sup="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/supplier"
name="rotating disc "e;Energymeter"e;"
id="P 184.435"
classification = "MeasuringInstruments/Electrical/Energy/">
<parts>
<part id="P 184.675"
name="bearing"
approved="yes">
<sup:supplier id="S 1753"/>
<sup:supplier id="S 2341"/>
<sup:supplier id="S 3276"/>
<comments>Part has been tested according to the specified standards.</comments>
</part>
<part id="P 184.871"
name="magnet"
xmlns="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/product"
approved="yes">
<sup:supplier id="S 3908"/>
<sup:supplier id="S 4589"/>
<sup:supplier id="S 1098"/>
<comments>Part has been tested according to the specified standards.</comments>
</part>
</parts>
</product>

10 文档元素外的空格
规范化的XML文档在文档元素外面不能存在空格，文档以“<”开始，在"<"前面不能有空格。文件10时去掉“<”前面的空格后的文件。

文件10
<product xmlns="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/product" xmlns:sup="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/supplier"

name="rotating disc "e;Energymeter"e;" id="P 184.435"

classification="MeasuringInstruments/Electrical/Energy/">
<parts>
<part id="P 184.675" name="bearing" approved="yes">
<sup:supplier id="S 1753"/>
<sup:supplier id="S 2341"/>
<sup:supplier id="S 3276"/>
<comments>Part has been tested according to the specified standards.</comments>
</part>
<part id="P 184.871" name="magnet" xmlns="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/product" approved="yes">
<sup:supplier id="S 3908"/>
<sup:supplier id="S 4589"/>
<sup:supplier id="S 1098"/>
<comments>Part has been tested according to the specified standards.</comments>
</part>
</parts>
</product>

11 开始和结束元素中的空格
1 ） "<"与元素名之间不能存在空格，"</"也一样。
2 ） 如果元素包含属性，在元素名和属性之间有且只有一个空格。
3 ） 在属性和属性值之间的等号两边不能有空格。
4 ） 属性值和相邻属性之间有且只有一个空格。
5 ） 在">"之前不能有空格。

12 空元素
规范化的xml文档中，空元素要以<...></...>的形式出现，将<emptyElement/>转化为<emptyElement></emptyElement>后得到文件11。

文件11
<product xmlns="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/product" xmlns:sup="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/supplier"

name="rotating disc "Energymeter"" id="P 184.435" classification="MeasuringInstruments/Electrical/Energy/">
<parts>
<part id="P 184.675" name="bearing" approved="yes">
<sup:supplier id="S 1753"></sup:supplier>
<sup:supplier id="S 2341"></sup:supplier>
<sup:supplier id="S 3276"></sup:supplier>
<comments>Part has been tested according to the specified standards.</comments>
</part>
<part id="P 184.871" name="magnet" xmlns="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/product" approved="yes">
<sup:supplier id="S 3908"></sup:supplier>
<sup:supplier id="S 4589"></sup:supplier>
<sup:supplier id="S 1098"></sup:supplier>
<comments>Part has been tested according to the specified standards.</comments>
</part>
</parts>
</product>

13 名称空间声明
XML文档规范化要求文档中除了多余的名称空间外，所有的名称空间都保留。文件11中第二个part元素的名称空间是多余的，将她出去不会影响文档中所有节点的名称空间上下文。

文件12
<product xmlns="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/product" xmlns:sup="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/supplier"

name="rotating disc "Energymeter"" id="P 184.435" classification="MeasuringInstruments/Electrical/Energy/">
<parts>
<part id="P 184.675" name="bearing" approved="yes">
<sup:supplier id="S 1753"></sup:supplier>
<sup:supplier id="S 2341"></sup:supplier>
<sup:supplier id="S 3276"></sup:supplier>
<comments>Part has been tested according to the specified standards.</comments>
</part>
<part id="P 184.871" name="magnet" approved="yes">
<sup:supplier id="S 3908"></sup:supplier>
<sup:supplier id="S 4589"></sup:supplier>
<sup:supplier id="S 1098"></sup:supplier>
<comments>Part has been tested according to the specified standards.</comments>
</part>
</parts>
</product>

14 元素属性的排序
XML文档规范化要求元素的属性以字母的升序排列，在一个元素中，名称空间首先出现，然后是属性名和属性值，文件13是排列后的文件
文件13
<product xmlns="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/product" xmlns:sup="http://www.myFictitiousCompany.com/supplier"

classification="MeasuringInstruments/Electrical/Energy/" id="P 184.435" name="rotating disc "Energymeter"">
<parts>
<part approved="yes" id="P 184.675" name="bearing">
<sup:supplier id="S 1753"></sup:supplier>
<sup:supplier id="S 2341"></sup:supplier>
<sup:supplier id="S 3276"></sup:supplier>
<comments>Part has been tested according to the specified standards.</comments>
</part>
<part approved="yes" id="P 184.871" name="magnet">
<sup:supplier id="S 3908"></sup:supplier>
<sup:supplier id="S 4589"></sup:supplier>
<sup:supplier id="S 1098"></sup:supplier>
<comments>Part has been tested according to the specified standards.</comments>
</part>
</parts>
</product>

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