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// this function defines the variable "encrypted" too soon std::string encryptPassword(const std::string& password) { using namespace std; string encrypted; if (password.length() < MinimumPasswordLength) { throw logic_error("Password is too short"); } ... // do whatever is necessary to place an // encrypted version of password in encrypted return encrypted; } |
// this function postpones encrypted’s definition until it’s truly necessary std::string encryptPassword(const std::string& password) { using namespace std; if (password.length() < MinimumPasswordLength) { throw logic_error("Password is too short"); } string encrypted; ... // do whatever is necessary to place an // encrypted version of password in encrypted return encrypted; } |
void encrypt(std::string& s); // encrypts s in place |
// this function postpones encrypted’s definition until // it’s necessary, but it’s still needlessly inefficient std::string encryptPassword(const std::string& password) { ... // check length as above std::string encrypted; // default-construct encrypted encrypted = password; // assign to encrypted encrypt(encrypted); return encrypted; } |
// finally, the best way to define and initialize encrypted std::string encryptPassword(const std::string& password) { ... // check length std::string encrypted(password); // define and initialize // via copy constructor encrypt(encrypted); return encrypted; } |
// Approach A: define outside loop // Approach B: define inside loop Widget w; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i){ for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { w = some value dependent on i; Widget w(some value dependent on i); ... ... } } |
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