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  C++°æ±¾£º
  #include 
     class MyClass
  {
  ¡¡public: void doSomething()
  ¡¡{ std::cout << "This is some text";
  ¡¡}
  };    
  void main()
  { MyClass mc;
  ¡¡mc.doSomething();
  } 
  
C# °æ±¾£º
  using System;
  
  class MyClass
  {
   public void doSomething()
   {
   Console.WriteLine("This is some text");
   }
  }    
  class EntryPoint
  {  public static void Main()
   { MyClass mc = new MyClass();
   mc.doSomething();
   }
  }   
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  ¡¡¹«ÓÐ(public)£ºÆäËûÀà³ÉÔ±Ò²¿ÉÒÔ·ÃÎÊ
  ¡¡Ë½ÓÐ(private)£ºÖ»ÓÐÀà³ÉÔ±²ÅÄÜ·ÃÎÊ
  ¡¡±£»¤(protected)£ºÀà³ÉÔ±ºÍ¼Ì³ÐÀà³ÉÔ±¿ÉÒÔ·ÃÎÊ
  ¡¡ÄÚ²¿(internal)£ºÖ»Óлã±ÀàïµÄ³ÉÔ±²ÅÄÜ·ÃÎÊ(C#µÄ»ã±àÊÇ´úÂëºÍ×ÊÔ´Êý¾ÝµÄ½áºÏ£¬ÒÔasmx×÷Îļþºó׺)
  ¡¡ÄÚ²¿±£»¤(protected internal)£ºÀà³ÉÔ±ºÍ¼Ì³ÐÀà³ÉÔ±¿ÉÒÔ·ÃÎÊ
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  using System; 
     class MyClass
  { public static void doSomething()
  ¡¡{Console.WriteLine("This is some text");
  ¡¡}
  };
  
  class EntryPoint
  {
  ¡¡public static void Main()
  ¡¡{
  ¡¡¡¡MyClass.doSomething();
  ¡¡}   } 
  
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  C++²»ÄܶÔÕû¸öÀà×÷ÏÞÖÆ¡£¿´Ò»ÏÂC++µÄÀàÉùÃ÷£º
  class Car
  {
  ¡¡public:
  ¡¡¡¡Car();
  ¡¡¡¡Car(Car &c);
  ¡¡¡¡virtual ~Car(); 
     ¡¡private:
  ¡¡¡¡int numCars;
  ¡¡¡¡Car* previous;
  ¡¡¡¡Car* next;
  }; 
  
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C#¶Ô´ËÁ˸ı䡣¿ÉÒÔ¸½¼Ó·ÃÎÊÐÞÊÎÓïÀ´ÏÞÖÆÀà³ÉÔ±ºÍ·½·¨ÒÔ¼°ÀàʵÀýµÄ·ÃÎÊȨ¡£C#É趨8¸ö·ÃÎÊȨÏÞ£º
  ¡¡¹«ÓÐ(public)£º¿ÉÒÔ±»ËùÓÐÆäËüµÄÀà·ÃÎÊ¡£Ã»ÓÐÆäËüÏÞÖÆÐÞÊÎÓËüµÄ¹«ÓÐÐÔÖʾÍÒ»Ö±ÊÇȱʡµÄ¡£
  ¡¡Ë½ÓÐ(private)£ºÖ»ÓÐÀà³ÉÔ±²ÅÄÜ·ÃÎÊ¡£
  ¡¡±£»¤(protected)£ºÀà³ÉÔ±ºÍ¼Ì³ÐÀà³ÉÔ±¿ÉÒÔ·ÃÎÊ¡£
  ¡¡ÄÚ²¿(internal)£ºÖ»Óлã±ÀàïµÄ³ÉÔ±²ÅÄÜ·ÃÎÊ(C#µÄ»ã±àÊÇ´úÂëºÍ×ÊÔ´Êý¾ÝµÄ½áºÏ£¬ÒÔasmx×÷Îļþºó׺)¡£
  ¡¡ÄÚ²¿±£»¤(protected internal)£ºÀà³ÉÔ±ºÍ¼Ì³ÐÀà³ÉÔ±¿ÉÒÔ·ÃÎÊ¡£
  ¡¡ÃÜ·â(sealed)£ºËùÓм̳ÐÀ඼²»ÄÜ·ÃÎÊ¡£ÎÞÂÛÖ±½Ó»ò¼ä½ÓµØ½«Ëü×÷Ϊ»ùÀ࣬C#±àÒëÆ÷¶¼»áÌø´í¡£
  ¡¡³éÏó(abstract)£ºÓëC++µÄÐé(virtual)Àà»òÐé·½·¨ÏàËÆ£¬³éÏóÀ಻ÄÜÖ±½ÓʵÀý»¯£¬³éÏóº¯Êýº¬Óк¯ÊýÃû¡£µ«ÔÚ×÷Ϊ»ùÀà»ò¼Ì³ÐÀàʱ¿ÉÒÔʹÓá£
  ¡¡Ð½¨(new)£ºÓÃnew´´½¨Ç¶Ì×À࣬¿ÉÒÔÒþ²Ø¼Ì³Ð·½Ê½£¬¸æËß±àÒëÆ÷´´½¨Ò»¸öÀàµÄа汾¡£
  ¡¡
¾ÙÀýÀ´Ëµ£¬Èç¹ûÒª´´½¨Ò»¸öÀ࣬²¢ÇÒÕâ¸öÀ಻Äܱ»×÷Ϊ»ùÀà»ò¼Ì³Ð£¬ÄÇô¾ÍÒª´´½¨Ò»¸öÃÜ·âÀࣺ
  sealed class Car
  {
  ¡¡public void paintCar()
  ¡¡{
  ¡¡¡¡// Code to paint car goes here
  ¡¡}
  } 
  
ÕâʱÈç¹ûÒª´´½¨Ò»¸ö¼Ì³ÐÀàRedCar£º
  internal class RedCar : Car
  {
  ¡¡// Won't work.
  } 
  
C#±àÒëÆ÷¾Í»áÌø´í£º
  error CS0509: 'RedCar' : cannot inherit from sealed class 'Car' (²»ÄÜ´ÓÃÜ·âÀà'Car'¼Ì³Ð)¡£ 
  
#p#ËÄ¡¢C++ºÍC#ÖеÄÐ麯Êý

C++ºÍC#¶¼Ö§³ÖÐ麯Êý¡£ÔÚÏÂÃæµÄC++Àý×ÓÀÓжþ¸öÀ࣬·Ö±ð³ÆΪBase(»ùÀà)ºÍDerived(¼Ì³ÐÀà)£º
  
  #include
  using namespace std;
  
  class Base
  {
  ¡¡public:
  ¡¡¡¡void doWork()
  ¡¡¡¡{
  ¡¡¡¡¡¡cout << "Base class working";
  ¡¡¡¡}
  ¡¡protected:
  ¡¡¡¡virtual void doWork1() = 0;
  };
  
  class Derived : public Base
  {
  ¡¡public:
  ¡¡¡¡void doWork2()
  ¡¡¡¡{
  ¡¡¡¡¡¡cout << "Derived class working";
  ¡¡¡¡}
  ¡¡¡¡void doWork1()
  ¡¡¡¡{
  ¡¡¡¡¡¡cout << "Dervied pure virtual function working";
  ¡¡¡¡}
  };
  
  void main()
  {
  ¡¡Derived d;
  ¡¡d.doWork1();
  } 
»ùÀàÀïÓжþ¸öº¯Êý£¬Ò»¸öÊÇdoWork£¬ÁíÒ»¸öÊÇ´¿Ð麯ÊýdoWork1¡£doWork1Ö»Äܱ»»ùÀàµÄ¼Ì³ÐÀàʹÓá£Ôڼ̳ÐÀà(¹«Óеؼ̳ÐÓÚ»ùÀà)ÀïÓÐÒ»¸öк¯ÊýdoWork2£¬ºÍ¼Ì³ÐÓÚ»ùÀà´¿Ð麯ÊýµÄ³¬Ô½º¯ÊýdoWork1¡£
  ÔÚC#ÀïʵÏÖͬÑùµÄ¹¦ÄÜÒª¸üÈÝÒ×Щ¡£¿´ÏÂÃæµÄC#´úÂ룺
  
  using System; 
     abstract class Base
  { ¡¡public void doWork()
  ¡¡{  Console.WriteLine("Base class working");
  ¡¡}    
  ¡¡public abstract void doWork1();
  }    
  class Derived : Base
  { public void doWork2()
  ¡¡{ Console.WriteLine("Derived class working");
  ¡¡}   
  ¡¡public override void doWork1()
  ¡¡{ Console.WriteLine("Dervied pure virtual function working");
  ¡¡}
  }; 
    class EntryPoint
  {
  ¡¡public static void Main()
  ¡¡{
  ¡¡¡¡Derived d = new Derived();
  ¡¡¡¡d.doWork1();
  ¡¡}
  } 
  
C#½«»ùÀඨÒåΪ³éÏóÀ࣬½«doWork1¶¨ÒåΪ³éÏó·½·¨¡£ÕâÑù¾Í¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃÓëÉÏÊöC++´¿Ð麯ÊýͬÑùµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£BaseÀàÖ»ÄÜ×÷Ϊ»ùÀà»ò±»º¬ÓÐdoWork1³¬Ô½º¯ÊýµÄ¼Ì³ÐÀàʹÓᣠ  
¼Ì³ÐÀàÔÚ³¬Ô½³éÏóº¯ÊýdoWork1ʱ£¬ÔÚº¯ÊýÇ°Ãæ¼ÓÉϳ¬Ô½Ç°×º(override)¡£C#±àÒëÆ÷ÔÚ·¢Ïּ̳ÐÀàÀïµÄoverride¹Ø¼ü×ֺ󣬾ͼì²é»ùÀàµÄͬÃûº¯Êý¡£Ö»Òª²»ÊÇÖ±½ÓÏÔʽµØµ÷ÓûùÀຯÊý£¬±àÒëÆ÷×ÜÊÇʹÓü̳ÐÀàÖеķ½·¨¡£   
ΪÁËÈü̳ÐÀàÖ±½Ó²Ù×÷»ùÀà³ÉÔ±ºÍ·½·¨£¬C# Ϊ»ùÀàÃüÃûÁËÒ»¸ö±ðÃûbase¡£ÓÃÕâ¸ö±ðÃû£¬¼Ì³ÐÀà¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓÒýÓûùÀà³ÉÔ±ºÍ·½·¨¡£Ê¾ÀýÈçÏ£º
  
  using System;    
  class first   {
  ¡¡public void writeIt()
  ¡¡{ Console.WriteLine("Writing from base class");
  ¡¡}
  }    
  class second : first
  {
  ¡¡public second()
  ¡¡{
  ¡¡¡¡base.writeIt();
  ¡¡}
  }
  
  class EntryPoint
  {
  ¡¡public static void Main()
  ¡¡{ second s = new second();
  ¡¡}
  }   
ÔÚÉÏÊöÀý×ÓÖУ¬Óжþ¸öÀà¡£Ò»¸öÊÇ»ùÀà(first)£¬ÁíÒ»¸öÊǼ̳ÐÀà(second)¡£µ±´´½¨secondÀàµÄʵÀýʱ£¬ËüµÄ¹¹Ô캯Êý×Ô¶¯µ÷ÓûùÀàµÄwriteIt·½·¨£¬ÓÿØÖÆָ̨ÁîConsole.WriteLine´òÓ¡ÆÁÄ»¡£ÓÉ´ËÒý³öC++ºÍC#ÖеĶà̬ÐÔ¡£ 
  
Îå¡¢C++ºÍC#ÖеĶà̬ÐÔʵÌåµÄ¶à̬ÐÔʹÆä¾ßÓжàÖÖ±íÏÖÐÎʽ¡£ÔÚC++ºÍC#Öд¦Àí¶à̬ÐÔÊǺÜÏàÏñµÄ¡£¿´Ò»¸ö¼òµ¥Àý×Ó£º 
   
C++ °æ±¾£º    
  #include
  #include
  using namespace std;
  
  class Person
  {
  ¡¡public:
  ¡¡¡¡Person()
  ¡¡¡¡{
  ¡¡¡¡¡¡classType = "Person";
  ¡¡¡¡} 
     ¡¡friend void ShowType(Person& p); 
     ¡¡private:
  ¡¡¡¡string classType;
  };
  
  class Manager : public Person
  { public:
  ¡¡¡¡Manager()
  ¡¡¡¡{classType = "Manager";
  ¡¡¡¡}
  
  ¡¡friend void ShowType(Person& p);
  
  ¡¡private:
  ¡¡¡¡string classType;
  };    
  void ShowType(Person& p)
  {   ¡¡cout << p.classType << endl;
  }     void main()
  { Person p;
  ¡¡Manager m; 
    ¡¡ShowType(p);
  ¡¡ShowType(m);   } 
  
C# °æ±¾£º
  
  using System;    
  class Person  {
  ¡¡public Person()
  ¡¡{ classType = "Person";
  ¡¡}    
  ¡¡public string classType;
  }    
  class Manager : Person
  { public Manager()
  ¡¡{
  ¡¡¡¡classType = "Manager";
  ¡¡}    
  ¡¡public new string classType;
  } 
     class EntryPoint
  { public static void ShowType(ref Person p)
  ¡¡{ Console.WriteLine(p.classType);
  ¡¡}    
  ¡¡public static void Main()
  ¡¡{
  ¡¡¡¡Person p = new Person();
  ¡¡¡¡Person m = new Manager(); 
      ¡¡ShowType(ref p);
  ¡¡¡¡ShowType(ref m);
  ¡¡}
  }   
ÔÚÉÏÃæµÄÀý×ÓÀÓÐÒ»¸ö»ùÀàPerson£¬Ò»¸ö¼Ì³ÐÓÚ»ùÀàµÄManagerÀà¡£ÔÚEntryPointÀàÀ´´½¨ÁËÒ»¸ö¾²Ì¬º¯ÊýShowType£¬Æä±í´ïΪ£º
public static void ShowType(ref Person p) 
  
×¢Òâ²ÎÊýÀïµÄref¹Ø¼ü×Ö¡£ref¸æËßC#±àÒëÆ÷ÏòShowTypeº¯Êý´«µÝÒ»¸ö²ÎÊýµÄÒýÓÃ(reference)¡£ÔÚC#ÖУ¬Èç¹û²»ÓÃref¹Ø¼ü×Ö£¬º¯ÊýµÄ²ÎÊý´«µÝȱʡΪֵ(value)´«µÝ£¬½«¿½±´Ò»¸ö²ÎÊýÖµ´«µÝµ½º¯ÊýÖÐÈ¥¡£

ÔÚC++ÖеIJÎÊýÒýÓô«µÝ±í´ïΪ£º  void ShowType(Person& p)
C++ÓÃ"&"·ûºÅ±íʾ²ÎÊýÒýÓÃʹµÃ³ÌÐòÔ±ÐÂÊָе½À§»ó£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÄÇЩ´ÓVBת¹ýÀ´µÄÈË¡£ 
  
ÔÚC#µÄÖ÷º¯Êý(entry point)À´´½¨Á˶þ¸öеÄPerson¶ÔÏó£¬pºÍm£º
  Person p = new Person();
  Person m = new Manager(); 
  
ÖµµÃÒ»ÌáÊÇ£¬¹Ø¼ü×ÖnewÔÚC#ºÍC++ÖÐÓ÷¨ÊDz»Ò»ÑùµÄ¡£ÔÚC#ÀnewÖ»´´½¨Ò»¸ö¶ÔÏóʵÀý¡£Õâ¸ö¶ÔÏóÒÀÈ»´´½¨ÔÚ¹ÜÀí¶ÑÀµ«²»·µ»ØÖ¸Ïò¶ÔÏóµÄÄÚ´æµØÖ·µÄÖ¸Õë¡£ÔÚÉÏÃæµÄC#Àý×ÓÖУ¬´´½¨Á˶þ¸öPersonÀà¶ÔÏó¡£µÚ¶þ¸ö¶ÔÏó£¬m£¬È´ÊÇManagerÀàµÄ¶ÔÏó¡£ËüʹÓÃManagerµÄ¹¹Ô캯Êý¶ø²»ÊÇÓÃPersonµÄ¹¹Ô캯Êý¡£ 
  
½«PersonÀà¶ÔÏóºÍManagerÀà¶ÔÏóÒýÓõ½ShowTypeº¯Êý£¬¼Çס£¬ManagerÊÇPersonµÄ¼Ì³ÐÀ࣬µ«C#µÄ¶à̬ÐÔ½«Æä±í´ïΪһ¸öPersonÀࣺ    
  ShowType(ref p);
  ShowType(ref m); 
  
µ±×÷Óõ½ShowTypeº¯Êýʱ£¬ËüÖ»´¦ÀíPerson¶ÔÏó¡£C#¸æËßËü˵mÊÇPerson¼Ì³ÐÀàµÄ¶ÔÏó£¬Ëü¾Í½«m°´PersonÀà´¦ÀíÁË¡£ËùÒÔÓÃpºÍm×÷²ÎÊýµ÷ÓÃShowTypeº¯ÊýºóµÃµ½µÄÊä³öΪ£º
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