用DELPHI中Canvas特性开发图形软件

　　与VC++　相类似，　Delphi也提供了绘图工具，如 Tpen,Tbrush等，与VC不同的是，　Delphi的绘图工具封装在Tcanvas中。Delphi也提供字形及字体大小的类Tfont,下面我们用具体例子来分析它们的用法。

　　（二）用Delphi　制作Window95/NT图形软件。

　　　象使用ＶＣ　一样，我们先用Delphi的Wizard 建立一个　ＳＤＩ　应用程序。Delphi　自动建立SDI　框架，　先运行一次。程序现在还不能干任何事。下一步开始添加代码。

　　　编辑主菜单。　增加Write,Draw俩个下拉菜单项。　在"Write"下增加"HelloWorld!!","Iamateacher "，"Font.."菜单项.在 aw"下增加"Arc"，"Line"， "Polygon"，"RoundRect"，"Rectangle"，"color." ，"LineStyle"，"WidthLine".　在"LineStyle" 菜单下增加"Solid","Dash","Dot"，"DashDot"， "DashDotDot"　子菜单。

　　相应的在SdiForm中增加ColorDialog,FontDialog, 控件。

　　在OnPaint事件中增加如下代码：

procedureTSDIAppForm.FormPaint(Sender:TObject);
begin
canvas.FillRect(rect);{清空桌面画布}
withSDIappformdo
posx:=clientwidthdiv2;
posy:=clientheightdiv2;{确定客户区中心点}
casedetectIof
1:
begin
setpenstate;
canvas.Ellipse(posx-50,posy-50,posx+50,posy+50);
//penwidth:=oldwidth;
end;{在客户区中心点画圆}
2:
begin
setpenstate;
canvas.MoveTo(posx-60,posy-60);
canvas.LineTo(posx+60,posy+60);
//penwidth:=oldwidth;
end;{在客户区画直线}

3:
begin
fposx:=trunc(50*cos(pi/6));
fposy:=trunc(50*sin(pi/6));
setpenstate;
Canvas.Polygon([Point(posx-fposy,posy-fposx),
Point(posx+fposy,posy-fposx),
Point(posx+50,posy),Point(posx+fposy,posy+fposx),
point(posx-fposy,posy+fposx),point(posx-50,posy)]);
//penwidth:=oldwidth;
end;{在客户区中心点画多边形}
4:
begin
setpenstate;
canvas.RoundRect(posx-100,posy-50,posx+100,posy+50,
20,20);
end;{在客户区中心点画带圆角的矩形}

5:
begin
setpenstate;
sdiappform.Canvas.Brush.Color:=clred;
canvas.Rectangle(posx-100,posy-50,posx+100,posy+50);
sdiappform.Canvas.Brush.Color:=bcolor;
end{在客户区中心点用红色刷子画矩形}
else
begin
canvas.Font:=formfont;
canvas.TextOut(30,posy,str);
end;
end;{写字}
end;
上面程序中出现的变量在事件OnCreate中初始化。
procedureTSDIAppForm.FormCreate(Sender:TObject);
begin
str:=;{要写在画布上的字符串}
formfont:=canvas.font;{字体和大小}
detectI:=0;{确定画布上出现何种图形的参数}
rect:=sdiappform.ClientRect;{客户区矩形}
oldwidth:=sdiappform.Canvas.Pen.Width;{最初画笔宽度}
penwidth:=oldwidth;{画笔宽度}
penstyle:=sdiappform.Canvas.Pen.Style;{画笔类型}
pencolor:=sdiappform.Canvas.Pen.Color;{画笔颜色}
bcolor:=sdiappform.Canvas.Brush.Color;{画刷颜色}
end;

procedureTSDIAppForm.setpenstate;
begin
withsdiappform.Canvas.Pendo
begin
color:=pencolor;
style:=penstyle;
width:=penwidth;
end;
end;

procedureTSDIAppForm.LineColor1Click(Sender:TObject);
begin
ifcolordialog1.Executethen
begin
pencolor:=colordialog1.Color;
SdiAppForm.Canvas.Pen.Style:=psInsideFrame;
ifpenwidth$#@60;1then
SdiAppForm.Canvas.Pen.Width:=3;
SdiAppForm.Canvas.Pen.Color:=pencolor;
invalidate;
end;
end;{完成画笔颜色设定}
//{完成画笔笔形设定}
procedureTSDIAppForm.Solid1Click(Sender:TObject);
begin
penStyle:=pssolid;
invalidate;
end;


procedureTSDIAppForm.Dot1Click(Sender:TObject);
begin
PenStyle:=psdot;
invalidate;
end;

procedureTSDIAppForm.Dash1Click(Sender:TObject);
begin
penStyle:=psdash;
invalidate;
end;

procedureTSDIAppForm.DashDot1Click(Sender:TObject);
begin
PenStyle:=psdashdot;
invalidate;
end;

procedureTSDIAppForm.DashDotDot1Click(Sender:TObject);
begin
penStyle:=psdashdotdot;
invalidate;
end;
//////////////////////////////////
procedureTSDIAppForm.RoundRect1Click(Sender:TObject);
begin
detectI:=4;
invalidate;
end;

procedureTSDIAppForm.Rectangle1Click(Sender:TObject);
begin
detectI:=5;
invalidate;
end;

procedureTSDIAppForm.Helloworld1Click(Sender:TObject);
begin
detectI:=0;
str:=helloworld!!;
Invalidate;

end;

procedureTSDIAppForm.Imateacher1Click(Sender:TObject);
begin
detectI:=0;
str:=Iamateacher!!;
Invalidate;
end;

procedureTSDIAppForm.Fonts1Click(Sender:TObject);
begin
iffontdialog1.Executethen
begin
detectI:=0;
formfont:=fontdialog1.font;
invalidate;
end;
end;{设定字体和大小}

//拷贝图形到剪贴板
procedureTSDIAppForm.EditCopy1Execute(Sender:TObject);
var
bmp:tbitmap;//设置一个图形变量
begin
bmp:=tbitmap.Create;
bmp.Width:=rect.Right+10;
bmp.Height:=rect.Bottom+10;
bmp.canvas.CopyRect(rect,sdiappform.canvas,rect);
clipboard.Assign(bmp);
bmp.free;
end;
//从剪贴板上复制
procedureTSDIAppForm.EditPaste1Execute(Sender:TObject);
var
bmp:tbitmap;//设置一个图形变量
begin
ifclipboard.HasFormat(CF_BITMAP)then
begin
bmp:=tbitmap.create;
bmp.Assign(clipboard);
sdiappform.Canvas.draw(0,0,bmp);
bmp.free;
end
elseifclipboard.HasFormat(CF_TEXT)then
begin
str:=clipboard.AsText;
detectI:=0;
invalidate;
end;

end;
//剪下图形拷贝到剪贴板
procedureTSDIAppForm.EditCut1Execute(Sender:TObject);
begin
EditCopy1Execute(sender);
withsdiappform.Canvasdo
begin
copymode:=cmwhiteness;
copyRect(rect,sdiappform.Canvas,rect);
CopyMode:=cmSrcCopy;
end;
end;

procedureTSDIAppForm.FileOpen1Execute(Sender:TObject);
var
bmp:Tbitmap;
currentfile:string;
begin
ifOpenDialog.Executethen
begin
currentfile:=OpenDialog.filename;
ifcurrentfile$#@60;$#@62;then
try
bmp:=tbitmap.Create;
bmp.LoadFromFile(currentfile);
sdiappform.Canvas.StretchDraw(rect,bmp);
finally
bmp.Free;
end;

end;

end;