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ZDNet>软件频道>中间件-zhiding>Web Service实现包--AXIS2学习笔记

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  我比较懒惰,不想把user guide全部翻译,就记录一些点吧。      Axis2是全新设计的,在2004年的“Axis峰会”上,大家决定采用新的架构来让Axis更加的富有弹性,更有效率,并且更加的可配置。

来源:中国IT实验室 2007年09月22日

关键字:java 编程 WebServices


  我比较懒惰,不想把user guide全部翻译,就记录一些点吧。
  
  Axis2是全新设计的,在2004年的“Axis峰会”上,大家决定采用新的架构来让Axis更加的富有弹性,更有效率,并且更加的可配置。Axis2现在具有的一些feature:
  Speed
  Low memory foot print
  AXIOM - AXis Object Model
  Hot Deployment
  Asynchronous Web Services
  MEP Support - Message Exchange Patterns
  Flexibility
  Stability
  Component-oriented deployment
  Transport framework
  WSDL support
  
  有些feature现在看不懂,还是先动手做一下,感性认识一下吧
  
  第一步:下载AXIS2。http://ws.apache.org/axis2/download.cgi。很有趣,在apache的Web Service 的Project目录下面还看不到AXIS2。要下那个binary的版本,因为里面有例程。
  
  第二步:Copy axis2.war到$TOMCAT_HOME/webapps目录下面。Tomcat好像只能用JDK1.4,我在JDK1.5 用不出来。
  
  第三步:打开 http://localhost:8080/axis2,就可以看到axis2的Welcome页面了。点一下Validate 和Services,看是不是都没有错误。都没有错误的话,就表示deploy成功了。那个adminstration页面可以通过上传文件来hot deploy Web service,可以用来remote deploy。
  
  第四步:研究例程。先从"samples/userguide/src"目录下的例程看起。看到写一个web service很简单嘛:
  
  public class MyService {
  public OMElement echo(OMElement element) throws XMLStreamException {
  //Praparing the OMElement so that it can be attached to another OM Tree.
  //First the OMElement should be completely build in case it is not fully built and still
  //some of the xml is in the stream.
  element.build();
  //Secondly the OMElement should be detached from the current OMTree so that it can be attached
  //some other OM Tree. Once detached the OmTree will remove its connections to this OMElement.
  element.detach();
  return element;
  }
  
  public void ping(OMElement element) throws XMLStreamException {
  //Do some processing
  }
  public void pingF(OMElement element) throws AxisFault{
  throw new AxisFault("Fault being thrown");
  }
  }
  
  看得出来,函数统一使用OMElement作为参数。在META-INF目录下面有个services.xml文件:
  <service name="MyService">
  <description>
  This is a sample Web Service with two operations,echo and ping.
  </description>
  <parameter name="ServiceClass" locked="false">userguide.example1.MyService</parameter>
  <operation name="echo">
  <messageReceiver class="org.apache.axis2.receivers.RawXMLINOutMessageReceiver"/>
  </operation>
  <operation name="ping">
  <messageReceiver class="org.apache.axis2.receivers.RawXMLINOnlyMessageReceiver"/>
  </operation>
  </service>
  呵呵,也很简单嘛。有返回值的就用RawXMLINOutMessageReceiver,没返回值的就用RawXMLINOnlyMessageReceiver。把它们编译(要把axis2的jar写到classpath里去)打包压到 MyService.aar,包里文件目录如下:
  ./\META-INF/services.xml
  ./userguide/example1/MyService.class
  把MyService.aar拷贝到$TOMCAT_HOME/webapps/axis2/WEB-INF/services,然后去点一下http://localhost:8080/axis2页面上的Services,也就是http://localhost:8080/axis2/listServices.jsp,就可以看到MyService已经被列出来了。
  
  关于调用web service的东西蛮多,下次写吧。

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  客户端的调用
  
  Web services提供的服务多种多样,有的可以马上获得结果,有的要消耗很长的时间。所以,如果我们需要多种调用方式来对付不同的情况。
  
  大多数的Web services都提供阻塞(Blocking)和非阻塞(Non-Blocking)两种APIs. 这两个概念以前应该学过,简单说一下。
  
  Blocking API - 调用端要等被调用的函数运行完毕才继续往下走。
  
  Non-Bloking API - 调用端运行完调用函数以后就直接往下走了,调用端和被调用端是异步执行的。返回值是用回调函数来实现的。
  
  这种异步叫做API层异步(API Level Asynchrony)。他们只用到一个连接来发送和接收消息,而且,如果是那种需要运行很长时间的函数,还会碰到Time Out 错误,如果用两个连接分别处理发送和接收消息,调用的时间就可以缩短,也可以解决Time Out 问题。用两个连接来分别处理发送和接收消息,叫做传输层异步(Transport Level Asynchrony)。
  
 

  理论真无聊,还是来看实例吧。
  
  打开 Eclipse, 创建一个新Project, 新建一个叫userguide.clients的包, 把"samples\userguide\src\userguide\clients" 下面的文件都copy到那个包下面, 把AXIS2的lib下面的jar都加到ilbrary里面去(应该不用全加,懒一点就全加了吧.) 发现了关于echo的调用的方式, 居然有五个:
  
  EchoBlockingClient
  EchoBlockingDualClient
  EchoBlockingWsaBasedClient
  EchoNonBlockingClient
  EchoNonBlockingDualClient
  
  一个一个看吧.
  
  EchoBlockingClient.java
  public class EchoBlockingClient {
  private static EndpointReference targetEPR = new EndpointReference("http://localhost:8080/axis2/services/MyService");
  
  public static void main(String[] args) {
  try {
  OMElement payload = ClientUtil.getEchoOMElement();
  Call call = new Call();
  call.setTo(targetEPR);
  call.setTransportInfo(Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP,
  Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP,
  false);
  
  //Blocking invocation
  OMElement result = call.invokeBlocking("echo",
  payload);
  
  StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
  result.serializeWithCache(XMLOutputFactory.newInstance()
  .createXMLStreamWriter(writer));
  writer.flush();
  
  System.out.println(writer.toString());
  
  } catch (AxisFault axisFault) {
  axisFault.printStackTrace();
  } catch (XMLStreamException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
  }
  
  和一代几乎一样, 弄一个EndpointReference, 再弄一个call, 其他不一样,但是也很简单, 弄一个OMElement作为参数, 返回也是一个OMElement. 可惜运行居然有错.
  
  再来看双通道的版本
  
  EchoBlockingDualClient.java
  public class EchoBlockingDualClient {
  private static EndpointReference targetEPR = new EndpointReference("http://127.0.0.1:8080/axis2/services/MyService");
  
  public static void main(String[] args) {
  try {
  OMElement payload = ClientUtil.getEchoOMElement();
  
  Call call = new Call();
  call.setTo(targetEPR);
  
  call.engageModule(new QName(Constants.MODULE_ADDRESSING));
  call.setTransportInfo(Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP,
  Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP,
  true);
  
  //Blocking Invocation
  OMElement result = call.invokeBlocking("echo",
  payload);
  
  StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
  result.serializeWithCache(XMLOutputFactory.newInstance()
  .createXMLStreamWriter(writer));
  writer.flush();
  System.out.println(writer.toString());
  
  
  //Need to close the Client Side Listener.
  call.close();
  
  } catch (AxisFault axisFault) {
  axisFault.printStackTrace();
  } catch (Exception ex) {
  ex.printStackTrace();
  }
  
  }
  }
  
  加了一句engageModule, 这句话好像没什么用,我删掉这句话也能运行的, 然后setTransportInfo最后一个参数改成了true. 关于setTransportInfo的三个参数, 第一个是发送的Transport, 第二个是接收的Transport, 第三个是"是否双通道", 支持的搭配形式如下:
  
  http, http, true
  http, http, false
  http,smtp,true
  smtp,http,true
  smtp,smtp,true
  
  看下一个吧,EchoNonBlockingClient,这个是单通道的非阻塞模式:
  
  public class EchoNonBlockingClient {
  private static EndpointReference targetEPR = new EndpointReference("http://127.0.0.1:8080/axis2/services/MyService");
  
  public static void main(String[] args) {
  try {
  OMElement payload = ClientUtil.getEchoOMElement();
  
  Call call = new Call();
  call.setTo(targetEPR);
  call.setTransportInfo(Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP,
  Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP,
  false);
  
  //Callback to handle the response
  Callback callback = new Callback() {
  public void onComplete(AsyncResult result) {
  try {
  StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
  result.getResponseEnvelope().serializeWithCache(XMLOutputFactory.newInstance()
  .createXMLStreamWriter(writer));
  writer.flush();
  System.out.println(writer.toString());
  
  
  } catch (XMLStreamException e) {
  reportError(e);
  }
  }
  
  public void reportError(Exception e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  };
  
  //Non-Blocking Invocation
  call.invokeNonBlocking("echo", payload, callback);
  
  //Wait till the callback receives the response.
  while (!callback.isComplete()) {
  Thread.sleep(1000);
  }
  
  } catch (AxisFault axisFault) {
  axisFault.printStackTrace();
  } catch (Exception ex) {
  ex.printStackTrace();
  }
  
  }
  }
  
  不同的地方,只是调用的方法从invokeBlocking变成了invokeNonBlocking,然后写了一个简单的匿名Callback类作为回调函数。关于这个Callback类,它是一个抽象类,其中有两个方法:onComplete和reportError,都是client端必须实现的,他还有一个Field,就是complete,可以用来设置和查询调用是否完成。可惜也不能运行,和上面的错误一样,是在createSOAPMessage的时候报null错误。
  
  看下一个EchoNonBlockingDualClient,非阻塞的双通道:
  
  public class EchoNonBlockingDualClient {
  private static EndpointReference targetEPR = new EndpointReference("http://127.0.0.1:8080/axis2/services/MyService");
  
  public static void main(String[] args) {
  try {
  OMElement payload = ClientUtil.getEchoOMElement();
  
  Call call = new Call();
  call.setTo(targetEPR);
  
  //The boolean flag informs the axis2 engine to use two separate transport connection
  //to retrieve the response.
  call.engageModule(new QName(Constants.MODULE_ADDRESSING));
  call.setTransportInfo(Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP,
  Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP,
  true);
  
  //Callback to handle the response
  Callback callback = new Callback() {
  public void onComplete(AsyncResult result) {
  try {
  StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
  result.getResponseEnvelope().serializeWithCache(XMLOutputFactory.newInstance()
  .createXMLStreamWriter(writer));
  writer.flush();
  System.out.println(writer.toString());
  
  
  } catch (XMLStreamException e) {
  reportError(e);
  }
  }
  
  public void reportError(Exception e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  };
  
  //Non-Blocking Invocation
  call.invokeNonBlocking("echo", payload, callback);
  
  //Wait till the callback receives the response.
  while (!callback.isComplete()) {
  Thread.sleep(1000);
  }
  //Need to close the Client Side Listener.
  call.close();
  
  } catch (AxisFault axisFault) {
  axisFault.printStackTrace();
  } catch (Exception ex) {
  ex.printStackTrace();
  }
  
  }
  }
  双通道和单通道基本没什么不同,只是双通道的时候,它总是要

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