本文将介绍如何创建一个三层应用程序,并且将介绍如何创建一个Web Service服务。
n~<6Kv>P MB{#hhq} ADO.NET创建Windows三层结构应用程序的体系架构如下图所示:
" AU,9ne> 该结构分三个层次:表示层、业务层、数据层。
OjUreRah exiSH2 数据层:代表物理数据库。
n(mO4 ,a2 2tMLEH; 业务层:负责数据层与表示层之间的数据传输。
j3 8tm t *K*V6:x 表示层:应用程序的客户端,它通过业务层来访问数据库。
e|@tNULT/ lLYwhK^_ 表示层所操作的是驻留在内存中的本地数据,当需要更新数据库数据时,要通过业务层提供的更新方法实现。这样可以大大提高应用程序的性能,而且,什么时候更新数据完全由你决定,提高了编程的灵活性。
Z~HR_D1 m{;= vD 2.实例:
zS R!j)x2 [x`o+6$tG 这里我们具体做一个实例来看看如何用VB.NET创建三层结构的应用程序。
7UK& 5%-a_?KiwD 数据库:我们选择SQL Server 的NorthWind数据库。
kG3]Q*>Ci| m -bf@l x1 业务层:我们创建一个WebService作为中间层。(需要安装IIS服务)
$:yi@m+fZ :> ! SAH 表示层:我们写一个Windows Form
SVsufs6</ 第一步:创建WebService。
ay%*|k-@e ,:9!=NXmq 具体步骤如下:
4W7maW { M2@ * 1.新建一个项目,选择ASP.NET Web服务,命名为:”WebService For 业务层”。
&-5n QN: 2.添加两个Sql DataAdapter,一个为Customer_da,它指向NorthWind数据库的Customers表,另一个为Order_da,指向Northwind数据库的Orders表。
_]pq98Ce& Lw7Ym[ 3.然后生成一个Typed DataSet(选择“数据”菜单的“生成数据集”),命名为:Super_ds.
%@nN$zE~ l_w0r~TF1 4.数据库连接已经完成,下一步我们将考虑它与表示层之间的通信,这里我们定义两个方法。一个为:Get_DataSet,它返回一个Super_ds类型的数据集,另一个为:Update_DataSet,它负责更新数据库数据, 方法代码如下:
{^J;yQ sR606}1.' tQ~$yqj# e-)B<-byP+ <WebMethod()> Public Function Get_DataSet() As super_ds
Im|h`vEf N'+GB/ customer_da.Fill(Super_ds1.Customers)
%NYo R% uv&_vg0J order_da.Fill(Super_ds1.Orders)
aDtY u^sE rk],[X/9) Return Super_ds1
!c9L|3I&_ K"FB9c- End Function
590?`)Ee { cVU\4 <WebMethod()> Public Sub Update_DataSet()
;`Gkdon_^J $cZ5[> Super_ds1.AcceptChanges()
$a@wW? h J&ZmF End Sub
?\'Pe)* P1[9gAy v~&-p"OA'/ 你可以运行测试一下你建立的这个WebService。它将提供两个方法。返回的DataSet是以XML表示的。
$*tak<m$z 7SjA{n|9 业务层的完整代码如下:
*4^{!|%<y lVDc Zc" Imports System.Web.Services
0/Ql{% +|'}kOAa Public Class Service1
YWU|db0i.5 kj</jM<p Inherits System.Web.Services.WebService
g(RJ}W2L> uzR(8lA ‘Web Services Designer Generated Code…….
c};hyqj3e X-r@Rn/M <WebMethod()> Public Function Get_DataSet() As super_ds
h/4l=#% XBw7HS[ H- customer_da.Fill(Super_ds1.Customers)
iJ*oTL>M tG?tc]~ order_da.Fill(Super_ds1.Orders)
wCgn5u$ ^YSSfX4` Return Super_ds1
K n5U&1' Kym8(ok End Function
BD_D{ixhl v<v!y[r <WebMethod()> Public Sub Update_DataSet()
'9wl %4edn yJ_Iy{RE Super_ds1.AcceptChanges()
>/j)ko Z% uTzMkZ{e End Sub
u&{kb3# <|O7sc i ' WEB SERVICE EXAMPLE
"pA `[O|. MLVi| ' The HelloWorld() example service returns the string Hello World.
} jJ0==o JNZA6M ' To build, uncomment the following lines then save and build the project.
7pawX!}@ r<oStzkFO ' To test this web service, ensure that the .asmx file is the start page
>T+c_| JX+t7"| ' and press F5.
NiWn|Q8]] n|@"$ '
|9W[ > 7< jbd|X3 '<WebMethod()> Public Function HelloWorld() As String
T2^:Nb)jJ wq'vyQ ' HelloWorld = "Hello World"
Hkux)>i` DL:!%_ ' End Function
}gGkkm$n nSjkPy@ End Class
r=h^h?_0 第二步:创建表示层
K~Nz@t/^ |cEk]Lo\~ 具体步骤如下:
u"?@ { AA pC_j6;nn. 1.新建一个Windows应用程序,命名为:“Windows Form For 表示层”。
8fL"Zs zziC.C 2.在窗体上添加一个DataGrid,一个Button,Button1的text为“Load”,作用是:从业务层读取数据
LJLYG/ 3.在解决方案窗体中添加Web 引用,将我们自己建立的Web Service for 业务层引入到当前项目中。
z)9SCT( 1(cRC%u'` 4.向Button1的Click事件添加如下代码:
$8E2 W &DfM{YzVj yC>BXVFB D8Orz#]ppe Dim Customer_Ds As New localhost.super_ds()
;/@L 7|I 3AupDp Dim ser1 As New localhost.Service1()
of[h3h*# PIMDE~1 Customer_Ds.Merge(ser1.Get_DataSet)
}' ,R%3 0V]0B{ DataGrid1.DataSource = Customer_Ds
U8/"j,Q(S Gw']L JU1 \@|/:E 这里我们调用了Web Service的Get_DataSet函数,Update_DataSet方法的调用与此完全相同。
fm:iII+ %>U4;\Vd 表示层的完整代码如下:
/@<ZwWqu~R P{!^)..| Imports Data_ACCESS_表示层
WxqiEwM? ;>(Cem Public Class Form1
?d`TH,o nu[dI; Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form
/X%| L RA)^]Vg+ #Region " Windows Form Designer generated code "
)H &N2J!wT vGt*y% @3 Public Sub New()
1w4XojwB :Mrlr.UAq MyBase.New()
zA\o): ,J0\Y 'This call is required by the Windows Form Designer.
JyT=vR5^h GDg,< InitializeComponent()
sZH[p0 /(TCi%[mc 'Add any initialization after the InitializeComponent() call
m|/Yf)A: |zG!ps]K= End Sub
c:"4)KVf B$6d=@BbY 'Form overrides dispose to clean up the component list.
].M+p@{ ;ef0vkk=z Protected Overloads Overrides Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean)
h_baNW* G;B[O6/zr If disposing Then
pDT %r1d9 KSRa=>*$ If Not (components Is Nothing) Then
8A0 [aN h}\};,h9= components.Dispose()
8p- #@ J }kj5;~ Y End If
o1{U]A%S WKRI~uj0d End If
"@'5==s :.Zq4'Q P MyBase.Dispose(disposing)
`@A9@NH f]A5@b End Sub
_On _| c7m 1SMaS Friend WithEvents Button1 As System.Windows.Forms.Button
OPV"V@-v^ :sDCm[ Friend WithEvents Button2 As System.Windows.Forms.Button
*If\{ o@eWcE Friend WithEvents Button3 As System.Windows.Forms.Button
QPYgZ1O o .ET?Ylnx Friend WithEvents Client_DataSet As Data_ACCESS_表示层.localhost.super_ds
|RuP]vK` XjQ.xZ}+ Friend WithEvents DataGrid1 As System.Windows.Forms.DataGrid
orR[wIN0 iIP6lMo 'Required by the Windows Form Designer
Lx\c*/ WBFjYY{ Private components As System.ComponentModel.Container
1CuiV92: \WSo e7~ 'NOTE: The following procedure is required by the Windows Form Designer
t\l9Ft $f-EKuH~A 'It can be modified using the Windows Form Designer.
{7ZW$e @dRt/ )wc 'Do not modify it using the code editor.
tlG(J^W !SEx"f|F <System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough()> Private Sub InitializeComponent()
#JFc!z R \HZE/ 8D{ Me.Button1 = New System.Windows.Forms.Button()
jzQi3=t }ZU 7(8 Me.Button2 = New System.Windows.Forms.Button()
d)aEvw= /D # |"@ Me.Button3 = New System.Windows.Forms.Button()
E*(_ 6_2S +\2hbN Me.Client_DataSet = New Data_ACCESS_表示层.localhost.super_ds()
95 tJ xCy T#w"1BXvmZ Me.DataGrid1 = New System.Windows.Forms.DataGrid()
*l<#$gpNY ?ML7 I~C CType(Me.Client_DataSet, System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize).BeginInit()
/<JSuO:jf | IO,dkF2{ CType(Me.DataGrid1, System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize).BeginInit()
yR.+oxH t`>4)XUS Me.SuspendLayout()
V`50&<I ??`Q'X` '
7!24t<q00S }AcB7Um%9 'Button1
XZ?TdD& ]SRv1L7 '
3HMs(x} tTJfG3-Yn Me.Button1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(88, 360)
v43 r/1V=5 abX=)*Y-5Z Me.Button1.Name = "Button1"
8$_"S -c1 ; l*^ Me.Button1.TabIndex = 0
8Y-*LL<}s if1~nD%C Me.Button1.Text = "load"
EsZF!\$qPC 4n La'6ux '
9lBNKhf6` %:0</ 'Button2
.O\ )Y 6UwfiF)R\ '
?m0OZ< { <RN< ^ Me.Button2.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(232, 360)
qX .T|@E ,u48S s Me.Button2.Name = "Button2"
#s]?|a]' vKF>;-<| Me.Button2.TabIndex = 1
,S4,BU mA;/:@;z{ Me.Button2.Text = "update"
g _ ^ C\CKsXb# '
D9['"\ HirOf3i 'Button3
L;\qRE V0g(QTD '
=5N{e<07Q ^HBiSy Me.Button3.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(376, 360)
S;~9nb\ p~]e\ Me.Button3.Name = "Button3"
;<U =X >BoVm o0 Me.Button3.TabIndex = 2
[k2Y.E`%3m _O K`v Me.Button3.Text = "clear"
wFm[IN( 0+Pt.2ca '
W#i(nE}\ h( L?/n6L 'Client_DataSet
X"'HspFh nU~$o6ZMM '
mFM^n7 % V&t#m\{N Me.Client_DataSet.DataSetName = "Client_DataSet"
3<63e.J- <`rqsdT@H Me.Client_DataSet.Locale = New System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-CN")
"(p- .kDt ylfO5^;> Me.Client_DataSet.Namespace = "http://www.tempuri.org/CustomerDs.xsd"
> _8CWM cREb1'iL '
O8DG]'63 K,CH;a 'DataGrid1
MW oW_G'! .9E/S.ya '
?gzDD2#kk U/@2 an+^| Me.DataGrid1.DataMember = ""
[LsSI3JR - cU$;l~ Me.DataGrid1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(40, 56)
(|F1, 8F@p^<|) Me.DataGrid1.Name = "DataGrid1"
a"6fPgS/ Q/8c Me.DataGrid1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(480, 264)
9]RXm%fk Qe t1@` Me.DataGrid1.TabIndex = 3
q8xCl t-^cEj; '
de**C34Si H=>D A78C3 'Form1
G7W"g0SX J!C0(= '
u_P U9ZBD {=>0aHJ Me.AutoScaleBaseSize = New System.Drawing.Size(6, 14)
?-T8+yMt KthtYWe Me.ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(568, 429)
UX '>Z Kh !jlbs_<+en Me.Controls.AddRange(New System.Windows.Forms.Control() {Me.DataGrid1, Me.Button3, Me.Button2, Me.Button1})
zL?RO7H ;fAw9_ZH Me.Name = "Form1"
YQ:X\92 MXn?Ho; Me.Text = "Form1"
@;O8O?3` z">fM6 CType(Me.Client_DataSet, System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize).EndInit()
zAaR&|9&W Z (gfFD6& CType(Me.DataGrid1, System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize).EndInit()
M_ WG=R +{0bh)= Me.ResumeLayout(False)
UwB8v96<v 95?;d/zP End Sub
}v99;"8h= Pu*HO #End Region
FjM72qK4O A$ xDZ;z Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
ptt >S e*Nn;1$|G Dim Customer_Ds As New localhost.super_ds()
&e;; B.@6 Dim ser1 As New localhost.Service1()
hjYIY\Y l->X_B Customer_Ds.Merge(ser1.Get_DataSet)
*0p6J |)Ji)1B3 DataGrid1.DataSource = Customer_Ds
n6F^C&'rH `hZ E67G End Sub
r3p*'*{ rzZ Xx d End Class
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