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至顶网软件频道访问多个SQL Server数据库

访问多个SQL Server数据库

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  假设我们要在ORACLE里同时能访问SQL Server里默认的pubs和Northwind两个数据库。

作者:中国IT实验室 来源:中国IT实验室 2007年9月30日

关键字: SQL 数据库 SQL Server

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  假设我们要在ORACLE里同时能访问SQL Server里默认的pubs和Northwind两个数据库。
  
  1、在安装了ORACLE9i Standard Edition或者ORACLE9i Enterprise Edition的windows机器上(IP:192.168.0.2),
    产品要选了透明网关(Oracle Transparent Gateway)里要访问Microsoft SQL Server数据库.
  
  $ORACLE9I_HOME\tg4msql\admin下新写initpubs.ora和initnorthwind.ora配置文件
  initpubs.ora内容如下:
  HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO="SERVER=sqlserver_hostname;DATABASE=pubs"
  HS_DB_NAME=pubs
  HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL=OFF
  HS_FDS_RECOVERY_ACCOUNT=RECOVER
  HS_FDS_RECOVERY_PWD=RECOVER
  
  initnorthwind.ora内容如下:
  HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO="SERVER=sqlserver_hostname;DATABASE=Northwind"
  HS_DB_NAME=Northwind
  HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL=OFF
  HS_FDS_RECOVERY_ACCOUNT=RECOVER
  HS_FDS_RECOVERY_PWD=RECOVER
  
  (蓝色字的部分可以根据具体要访问的SQL Server数据库的情况而修改)
  
  $ORACLE9I_HOME\network\admin 下listener.ora内容如下:
  
  LISTENER =
   (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
     (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
     )
    )
   )
  
  SID_LIST_LISTENER =
   (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = test9)
     (ORACLE_HOME = d:\oracle\ora92)
     (SID_NAME = test9)
    )
    (SID_DESC=
     (SID_NAME=pubs)
     (ORACLE_HOME=d:\Oracle\Ora92)
     (PROGRAM=tg4msql)
    )
    (SID_DESC=
     (SID_NAME=northwind)
     (ORACLE_HOME=d:\Oracle\Ora92)
     (PROGRAM=tg4msql)
    )
   )
  
   重启动这台做gateway的windows机器上(IP:192.168.0.2)TNSListener服务.
  
   (凡是按此步骤新增可访问的SQL Server数据库时,TNSListener服务都要重启动)
  
   2、ORACLE8I,ORACLE9I的服务器端配置tnsnames.ora, 添加下面的内容:
  
  pubs =
   (DESCRIPTION =
   (ADDRESS_LIST =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
     (SID = pubs)
    )
    (HS = pubs)
    )
   
  northwind =
   (DESCRIPTION =
   (ADDRESS_LIST =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
     (SID = northwind)
    )
    (HS = northwind)
    ) 
   
    保存tnsnames.ora后,在命令行下
   
    tnsping pubs
    tnsping northwind
   
   出现类似提示,即为成功
   Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)
   (PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = pubs)) (HS = pubs))
   OK(20毫秒)
   
    Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)
   (PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = northwind)) (HS = northwind))
   OK(20毫秒)
  
   设置数据库参数global_names=false。
  
   设置global_names=false不要求建立的数据库链接和目的数据库的全局名称一致。
   global_names=true则要求, 多少有些不方便。
  
   oracle9i和oracle8i都可以在DBA用户下用SQL命令改变global_names参数
  
   alter system set global_names=false;
  
   建立公有的数据库链接:
  
   create public database link pubs connect to testuser identified by testuser_pwd using 'pubs';
  
   create public database link northwind connect to testuser identified by testuser_pwd using 'northwind';
  
   (假设SQL Server下pubs和northwind已有足够权限的用户登录testuser,密码为testuser_pwd)
  
   访问SQL Server下数据库里的数据:
  
   select * from stores@pubs;
   ...... ......
  
   select * from region@northwind;
   ...... ......
  
   3、使用时的注意事项
  
   ORACLE通过访问SQL Server的数据库链接时,用select * 的时候字段名是用双引号引起来的。
  
   例如:
   create table stores as select * from stores@pubs;
  
   select zip from stores;
  
   ERROR 位于第 1 行:
   ORA-00904: 无效列名
  
   select "zip" from stores;
  
   zip
   -----
   98056
   92789
   96745
   98014
   90019
   89076
  
   已选择6行。
  
   用SQL Navigator或Toad看从SQL Server转移到ORACLE里的表的建表语句为:
  
  CREATE TABLE stores
    ("stor_id"           CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
    "stor_name"          VARCHAR2(40),
    "stor_address"         VARCHAR2(40),
    "city"             VARCHAR2(20),
    "state"            CHAR(2),
    "zip"             CHAR(5))
   PCTFREE   10
   PCTUSED   40
   INITRANS  1
   MAXTRANS  255
   TABLESPACE users
   STORAGE  (
    INITIAL   131072
    NEXT    131072
    PCTINCREASE 0
    MINEXTENTS 1
    MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
   )
  /
  
  总结: WINDOWS下ORACLE9i网关服务器在$ORACLE9I_HOME\tg4msql\admin目录下的initsqlserver_databaseid.ora
  
   WINDOWS下ORACLE9i网关服务器listener.ora里面
     (SID_DESC=
      (SID_NAME=sqlserver_databaseid)
      (ORACLE_HOME=d:\Oracle\Ora92)
      (PROGRAM=tg4msql)
     )
    
     UNIX或WINDOWS下ORACLE8I,ORACLE9I服务器tnsnames.ora里面
   northwind =
    (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
     )
     (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = sqlserver_databaseid)
     )
     (HS = sqlserver_databaseid)
      )
         
     sqlserver_databaseid一致才行.

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