安装使用BBED

在一次故障处理中，使用到了BBED(Oracle Block Brower and EDitor Tool)，这是Oracle一款内部工具，可以直接修改Oracle数据文件块的内容，在一些极端恢复场景下比较有用。该工具不受Oracle支持，所以默认是没有生成可执行文件的，在使用前需要重新连接。

在9i/10g中连接生成BBED:

cd $Oracle_HOME/rdbms/lib
make -f ins_rdbms.mk $Oracle_HOME/rdbms/lib/BBED

以上生成的BBED可执行文件在$Oracle_HOME/rdbms/lib目录，可以复制到其他位置或者其他同Oracle版本的机器上运行。也可通过以下命令将BBED生成到$Oracle_HOME/bin目录

make -f ins_rdbms.mk BBED=$Oracle_HOME/bin/BBED $Oracle_HOME/bin/BBED

在11g中生成BBED，需要先从10g中复制如下文件到相应目录，然后再执行上述连接命令:

$Oracle_HOME/rdbms/lib/ssbbded.o
$Oracle_HOME/rdbms/lib/sbbdpt.o
$Oracle_HOME/rdbms/mesg/BBEDus.msb

BBED设置了口令保护，密码为blockedit。BBED的命令行参数：

$BBED help=yes
PASSWORD - Required parameter
FILENAME - Database file name
BLOCKSIZE - Database block size
LISTFILE - List file name
MODE - [browse/edit]
SPOOL - Spool to logfile [no/yes]
CMDFILE - BBED command file name
LOGFILE - BBED log file name
PARFILE - Parameter file name
BIFILE - BBED before-image file name
REVERT - Rollback changes from BIFILE [no/yes]
SILENT - Hide banner [no/yes]
HELP - Show all valid parameters [no/yes]

一般将一些常用选项写入到一个parfile中：

blocksize=8192
listfile=filelist.txt
mode=edit

其中filelist.txt列出了需要使用BBED编辑的数据文件列表，格式为

文件编号 文件名字 文件大小

1 /u01/Oracle/oradata/NinGoo/system.dbf 2097160192
2 /u01/Oracle/oradata/NinGoo/test.dbf 2097160192

这里的文件编号不一定要和数据库里的file_id相同，当然最好能设置相同，以免在处理过程中搞混淆了。

$BBED parfile=BBED.par
Password: 

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Sun Nov 15 00:26:14 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

BBED> help
HELP [  | ALL ]

BBED> help all
SET DBA [ dba | file#, block# ]
SET FILENAME 'filename'
SET FILE file#
SET BLOCK [+/-]block#
SET OFFSET [ [+/-]byte offset | symbol | *symbol ]
SET BLOCKSIZE bytes
SET LIST[FILE] 'filename'
SET WIDTH character_count
SET COUNT bytes_to_display
SET IBASE [ HEX | OCT | DEC ]
SET OBASE [ HEX | OCT | DEC ]
SET MODE  [ BROWSE | EDIT ]
SET SPOOL [ Y | N ]
SHOW [  | ALL ]
INFO
MAP[/v] [ DBA | FILENAME | FILE | BLOCK ]
DUMP[/v] [ DBA | FILENAME | FILE | BLOCK | OFFSET | COUNT ]
PRINT[/x|d|u|o|c] [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK | OFFSET | symbol | *symbol ]
EXAMINE[/Nuf] [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK | OFFSET | symbol | *symbol ]
:
N - a number which specifies a repeat count.
u - a letter which specifies a unit size:
  b - b1, ub1 (byte)
  h - b2, ub2 (half-word)
  w - b4, ub4(word)
  r - Oracle table/index row
f - a letter which specifies a display format:
  x - hexadecimal
  d - decimal
  u - unsigned decimal
  o - octal
  c - character (native)
  n - Oracle number
  t - Oracle date
  i - Oracle rowid
FIND[/x|d|u|o|c] numeric/character string [ TOP | CURR ]
COPY [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ] TO [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]
MODIFY[/x|d|u|o|c] numeric/character string
      [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK | OFFSET | symbol | *symbol ]
ASSIGN[/x|d|u|o] =
 : [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK | OFFSET | symbol | *symbol ]
 : [ value |  ]
SUM [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ] [ APPLY ]
PUSH [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK | OFFSET ]
POP [ALL]
REVERT [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]
UNDO
HELP [  | ALL ]
VERIFY [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]
CORRUPT [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]

关于BBED的具体用法，这里就不罗嗦了，有兴趣的可以自行学习，下面这篇参考文档非常的详尽：
http://orafaq.com/papers/dissassembling_the_data_block.pdf