以前就发现11g的Oracle有这个问题,一直没有太在意,直到今天关闭数据库的时候发现很长时间Oracle都无法正常关闭。
从后台查询,发现数据库出现错误提示:
SHUTDOWN: Active processes prevent shutdown operation
  检查数据库后台进程,未发现占用大量资源的连接,实际上整个数据库中只有一个本地连接:
      bash-3.00$ ps -ef|grep Oraclerac11g2 
  Oracle 22273 22272 0 19:59:51 ? 0:00 Oraclerac11g2 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq))) 
  Oracle 29307 22520 0 20:09:28 pts/2 0:00 grep Oraclerac11g2 
  经过检查发现,似乎是由于当前的SYS连接没有退出,而直接通过HOST命令启动了另一个sqlplus命令,并在其中执行了shutdown immediate操作,这时就会导致shutdown immediate被hang住:
     $ sqlplus "/ as SYSdba" 
  SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 星期五 8月 22 19:49:35 2008 
  Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. 
  连接到: 
  Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - 64bit Production 
  With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining 
  and Real Application Testing options 
  SQL> shutdown immediate数据库已经关闭。已经卸载数据库。 
  Oracle 例程已经关闭。 
  SQL> startup 
  Oracle 例程已经启动。 
  Total SYStem Global Area 1.7108E+10 bytes 
  Fixed Size 2101632 bytes 
  Variable Size 3344420480 bytes 
  Database Buffers 1.3757E+10 bytes 
  Redo Buffers 4431872 bytes数据库装载完毕。数据库已经打开。 
  下面启动另一个会话,并以SYS登陆数据库,然后尝试关闭数据库:
      SQL> shutdown immediate数据库已经关闭。已经卸载数据库。 
  Oracle 例程已经关闭。 
发现数据库可以正常关闭,然后根据刚才的描述,在sqlplus中切换到主机命令行,然后再新启动一个sqlplus,执行shutdown immediate:
      SQL> startup 
  Oracle 例程已经启动。 
  Total SYStem Global Area 1.7108E+10 bytes 
  Fixed Size 2101632 bytes 
  Variable Size 3344420480 bytes 
  Database Buffers 1.3757E+10 bytes 
  Redo Buffers 4431872 bytes数据库装载完毕。数据库已经打开。 
  SQL> select count(*) from v$session; 
  COUNT(*) 
  ---------- 
  36 
  SQL> host 
  $ sqlplus "/ as SYSdba" 
  SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 星期五 8月 22 19:59:51 2008 
  Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. 
  连接到: 
  Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - 64bit Production 
  With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining 
  and Real Application Testing options 
  SQL> shutdown immediate 
  和预期的一样,关闭命令被hang住了,检查alert文件就可以看到上面的提示信息。
退出当前的会话,回到原始会话,并重新连接,就可以正常的关闭数据库了:
     SQL> shutdown immediate 
  ^CORA-01013: 用户请求取消当前的操作 
  SQL> exit从 Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - 64bit Production 
  With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining 
  and Real Application Testing options 断开 
  $ exit 
  SQL> shutdown immediate 
  ORA-03135: 连接失去联系 
  SQL> conn / as SYSdba已连接。 
  SQL> shutdown immediate数据库已经关闭。已经卸载数据库。 
  Oracle 例程已经关闭。 
而920版本的数据库是没有这个问题的:
      [Oracle@bjtest ~]$ sqlplus "/ as SYSdba" 
  SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 8月 23 04:14:36 2008 
  Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. 
  已连接到空闲例程。 
  SQL> host 
  [Oracle@bjtest ~]$ ps -ef|grep ora 
  root 3804 3792 0 Jul18 ? 00:00:29 hald-addon-storage: polling /dev/hda 
  root 26417 26385 0 04:14 pts/1 00:00:00 su - Oracle 
  Oracle 26418 26417 0 04:14 pts/1 00:00:00 -bash 
  Oracle 26451 26418 0 04:14 pts/1 00:00:00 sqlplus 
  Oracle 26452 26451 0 04:14 ? 00:00:00 Oraclebjtest (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq))) 
  Oracle 26453 26451 0 04:14 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash 
  Oracle 26481 26453 0 04:14 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef 
  Oracle 26482 26453 0 04:14 pts/1 00:00:00 grep ora 
  [Oracle@bjtest ~]$ exit 
  exit 
  SQL> startup 
  Oracle 例程已经启动。 
  Total SYStem Global Area 9415145752 bytes 
  Fixed Size 755992 bytes 
  Variable Size 822083584 bytes 
  Database Buffers 8589934592 bytes 
  Redo Buffers 2371584 bytes数据库装载完毕。数据库已经打开。 
  SQL> host 
  [Oracle@bjtest ~]$ sqlplus "/ as SYSdba" 
  SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 8月 23 04:15:08 2008 
  Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. 
  连接到: 
  Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production 
  With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options 
  JServer Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production 
  SQL> shutdown immediate数据库已经关闭。已经卸载数据库。 
  Oracle 例程已经关闭。 
  SQL> exit从Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production 
  With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options 
  JServer Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production中断开 
  [Oracle@bjtest ~]$ exit 
  exit 
  SQL> exit 
  ERROR: 
  ORA-03113: 通信通道的文件结束 
  从Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production 
  With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options 
  JServer Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production(情况复杂)中断开