C1 NUMBER(10)
C10 NUMBER(5)
C20 VARCHAR2(3)
删除重复记录的方法原理：
(1).在Oracle中，每一条记录都有一个Rowid，Rowid在整个数据库中是唯一的，Rowid确定了每条记录是在Oracle中的哪一个数据文件、块、行上。
(2).在重复的记录中，可能所有列的内容都相同，但Rowid不会相同，所以只要确定出重复记录中那些具有最大Rowid的就可以了，其余全部删除。
重复记录判断的标准是：
C1,C10和C20这三列的值都相同才算是重复记录。
经查看表CZ总共有16条记录：
SQL>set pagesize 100
SQL>select * from cz;
C1 C10 C20
---------- ---------- ---
1 2 dsf
1 2 dsf
1 2 dsf
1 2 dsf
2 3 che
1 2 dsf
1 2 dsf
1 2 dsf
1 2 dsf
2 3 che
2 3 che
2 3 che
2 3 che
3 4 dff
3 4 dff
3 4 dff
4 5 err
5 3 dar
6 1 wee
7 2 zxc
20 rows selected.
1.查找重复记录的几种方法：
(1).SQL>select * from cz group by c1,c10,c20 having count(*) >1;
C1 C10 C20
---------- ---------- ---
1 2 dsf
2 3 che
3 4 dff
(2).SQL>select distinct * from cz;
C1 C10 C20
---------- ---------- ---
1 2 dsf
2 3 che
3 4 dff
(3).SQL>select * from cz a where Rowid=(select max(Rowid) from cz where c1=a.c1 and c10=a.c10 and c20=a.c20);
C1 C10 C20
---------- ---------- ---
1 2 dsf
2 3 che
3 4 dff
2.删除重复记录的几种方法：
(1).适用于有大量重复记录的情况(在C1,C10和C20列上建有索引的时候，用以下语句效率会很高)：
SQL>delete cz where (c1,c10,c20) in (select c1,c10,c20 from cz group by c1,c10,c20 having count(*)>1) and Rowid not in
(select min(Rowid) from cz group by c1,c10,c20 having count(*)>1);
SQL>delete cz where Rowid not in(select min(Rowid) from cz group by c1,c10,c20);
(2).适用于有少量重复记录的情况(注意，对于有大量重复记录的情况，用以下语句效率会很低)：
SQL>delete from cz a where a.Rowid!=(select max(Rowid) from cz b where a.c1=b.c1 and a.c10=b.c10 and a.c20=b.c20);
SQL>delete from cz a where a.Rowid<(select max(Rowid) from cz b where a.c1=b.c1 and a.c10=b.c10 and a.c20=b.c20);
SQL>delete from cz a where Rowid <(select max(Rowid) from cz where c1=a.c1 and c10=a.c10 and c20=a.c20);
(3).适用于有少量重复记录的情况(临时表法)：
SQL>create table test as select distinct * from cz; (建一个临时表test用来存放重复的记录）
SQL>truncate table cz; (清空cz表的数据，但保留cz表的结构）
SQL>insert into cz select * from test; (再将临时表test里的内容反插回来）
(4).适用于有大量重复记录的情况(Exception into 子句法)：
采用alter table 命令中的 Exception into 子句也可以确定出库表中重复的记录。这种方法稍微麻烦一些，为了使用“excepeion into ”子句，必须首先创建 EXCEPTIONS 表。创建该表的 SQL 脚本文件为 utlexcpt.sql 。对于win2000系统和 UNIX 系统， Oracle 存放该文件的位置稍有不同，在win2000系统下，该脚本文件存放在$Oracle_HOMEOra90 dbmsadmin 目录下；而对于 UNIX 系统，该脚本文件存放在$Oracle_HOME/rdbms/admin 目录下。
具体步骤如下：
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/utlexcpt.sql
Table created.
SQL>desc exceptions
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- --------------
ROW_ID Rowid
OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
CONSTRAINT VARCHAR2(30)
SQL>alter table cz add constraint cz_unique unique(c1,c10,c20) exceptions into exceptions;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02299: cannot validate (TEST.CZ_UNIQUE) - duplicate keys found
SQL>create table dups as select * from cz where Rowid in (select row_id from exceptions);
Table created.
SQL>select * from dups;
C1 C10 C20
---------- ---------- ---
1 2 dsf
1 2 dsf
1 2 dsf
1 2 dsf
2 3 che
1 2 dsf
1 2 dsf
1 2 dsf
1 2 dsf
2 3 che
2 3 che
2 3 che
2 3 che
3 4 dff
3 4 dff
3 4 dff
16 rows selected.
SQL>select row_id from exceptions;
ROW_ID
------------------
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAA
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAB
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAC
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAF
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAH
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAI
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAG
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAD
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAE
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAJ
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAK
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAL
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAM
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAN
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAO
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAP
16 rows selected.
SQL>delete from cz where Rowid in ( select row_id from exceptions);
16 rows deleted.
SQL>insert into cz select distinct * from dups;
3 rows created.
SQL>select *from cz;
C1 C10 C20
---------- ---------- ---
1 2 dsf
2 3 che
3 4 dff
4 5 err
5 3 dar
6 1 wee
7 2 zxc
7 rows selected.
从结果里可以看到重复记录已经删除。
